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Definition of applying a polynomial to a linear transformation

Created over 8 years ago, updated 10 days ago

Definition: If (p(x) = a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \cdots + a_k x^k) is a polynomial and (T: V o V) is a linear transformation, then (p(T)) is the linear transformation:
[p(T) = a_0 I + a_1 T + a_2 T^2 + \cdots + a_k T^k]

where (T^k) denotes the (k)-fold composition (T \circ T \circ \cdots \circ T) and (I) is the identity transformation.

Example: If (p(x) = x^2 - 3x + 2) and (T) is a linear operator, then:
[p(T) = T^2 - 3T + 2I]
and for any vector (\mathbf{v}): (p(T)(\mathbf{v}) = T(T(\mathbf{v})) - 3T(\mathbf{v}) + 2\mathbf{v}).