Foundations in economics
There are many aspects of the markets and networks which need to work. There are many types of markets. Financial, matching, curation, knowledge, social, etc.
Several particularly important and practical Nobel prizes in Economics
Nobel - Ronald Coase
Breakthrough in Understanding the Institutional Structure of the Economy
The nature of the firm is ... due to transaction costs outside and inside of the form
social cost and the courts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coase_theorem
Nobel - Akerlof-Stiglitz-Pierce
Markets with Asymmetric Information - very important insights
- incentives and asymmetric information
INFORMATION AND THE CHANGE IN THE PARADIGM IN ECONOMICS by Stiglitz in 2011. How Information Economics came to be
Nobel - Stapley-Roth
- reading and enjoying the book by Alvin Roth Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design
Stable matching: Theory, evidence, and practical design
The Theory and Practice of Market Design Prize Lecture, December 8, 2012 by Alvin E. Roth
Nobel - von Hayek and Myrdal
The pretence of knowledge as a foundational overview in 1974 for the modern knowledge market and attention economy
the very modern problem in the information age and very easy information propagation
Nobel - John Harsanyi, John Nash, and Reinhard Selten for game theory
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games".
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1994/
with a focus on non-cooperative solution concepts
Nobel - Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson
for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory".
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2007/
- Asymmetric information and economic institutions
Buyers and sellers sometimes haggle too hard and therefore fail to trade. Desirable joint projects are
sometimes not undertaken because the projects’ beneficiaries fail to agree how the costs should be
shared. Sickness insurance, for example, is typically criticized either for offering too little coverage or
for inviting misuse. In either case, the basic problem is that people have an incentive to economize
with their private information: some insurancy-policy sellers claim that their costs are high in order to
increase the price; some beneficiaries of joint projects such as insurance-policy holders claim that their
benefits are low in order to reduce their own contributions to the project; some well-insured workers
claim that they are sick, in order to reduce their workload.
Nobel - Jean Tirole
for his analysis of market power and regulation
- PLATFORM COMPETITION IN TWO-SIDED MARKETS - ..........attached
Many if not most markets with network externalities are two-sided. To succeed, platforms in
industries such as software, portals and media, payment systems and the Internet, must “get
both sides of the market on board.” Accordingly, platforms devote much attention to their
business model, that is, to how they court each side while making money overall. This paper
builds a model of platform competition with two-sided markets. It unveils the determinants
of price allocation and end-user surplus for different governance structures (pro t-maximizing
platforms and not-for-pro t joint undertakings), and compares the outcomes with those
under an integrated monopolist and a Ramsey planner
Nobel - Herbert Simon
- The architecture of Complexity ...........attached
The idea of near decomposability provides some guidelines for designing an
organization and information systems for it. It can also add to our understanding
of the existence of economic organizations in two ways. First, great increases in
effectiveness are obtainable by introducing mechanisms of coordination between
interrelated activities.
Second, in the Darwinian competition among systems for survival and growth, near
decomposability provides a major advantage for the systems possessing it,
Nobel - Richard H. Thaler
"for his contributions to behavioural economics".
Nobel - Daniel Kahneman and Vernon L. Smith
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms".
Nobel - Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2005/