Flash Memory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

• What Will Replace Flash and When?

Will flash memory keep improving into the next decade? IT leaders provide perspective on the great non-volatile beyond as well as an analysis on technology trends, product roadmaps, and more

2017 Cypress Parallel NOR Flash Memory: An Overview

2019 nice table Comparison between different memories(PCM, STT, RAM, SRAM, DRAM, Flash NAND, HDD)

2003 A Low-cost Memory Architecture with NAND XIP for Mobile Embedded Systems Chanik Park

Computer Fundamentals

Memory hierarchy
 (S)RAM cells
 Spinning HDDs
 Flash and SSDs

https://www.embedded.com/flash-101-nand-flash-vs-nor-flash/

The NOR Flash architecture provides enough address lines to map the entire memory range. This gives the advantage of random access and short read times, which makes it ideal for code execution. Another advantage is 100% known good bits for the life of the part. Disadvantages include larger cell size resulting in a higher cost per bit and slower write and erase speeds.

2013 Modeling, Architecture, and Applications for Emerging Memory Technologies

in 2013, STT-MRAM was not found YET with low-energy and fast WRITE!!!