Dark energy - discussions

reading

https://rxo.fi/turner-dark-energy.html
galaxies and cosmology

• https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/12/06/this-is-how-quantum-physics-creates-the-largest-cosmic-structures-of-all/?sh=47ab3efd117d

https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/how-quantum-mechanics-forbids-the-accelerating-expansion-of-spacetime-cbcd754531dd

chatGPT view

• what is the leading hypothesises for dark energy origin in physics?

The leading hypothesis for the origin of dark energy in physics is the cosmological constant, which is a form of dark energy that permeates all of space and drives the accelerating expansion of the universe. This theory is supported by observational evidence and is considered the simplest explanation for the observed acceleration of the universe. Another hypothesis is the theory of quintessence, which proposes that dark energy is a new form of dynamical energy with a negative pressure that drives the accelerated expansion of the universe. Both theories are still being studied and researched, and other possibilities are also being considered.

• what is the microscopic origin of the cosmological constant then?

The microscopic origin of the cosmological constant, which is a form of dark energy that permeates all of space and drives the accelerating expansion of the universe, is not currently well understood. The cosmological constant was originally proposed by Einstein as a means of balancing the overall density of the universe in order to maintain a static universe, but it was later reinterpreted as a form of dark energy that drives the accelerating expansion of the universe. The exact microscopic origin of this dark energy is still a subject of ongoing research and debate in physics. Some theories propose that it could be related to the vacuum energy of empty space, while others suggest that it could be a property of a new type of particle or field.

• what is the detailed experimental evidence for dark energy?

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to make up about 68% of the total energy in the universe and is responsible for the observed acceleration of the universe's expansion. The main piece of experimental evidence for dark energy is the observation of distant Type Ia supernovae, which are thought to be caused by the explosion of white dwarf stars. These supernovae were found to be fainter than expected, which suggests that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. This result was first observed in 1998 by two independent teams of scientists, one led by Brian Schmidt and the other by Saul Perlmutter, and has been supported by subsequent observations.

Additional evidence for dark energy has come from measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, the large-scale structure of the universe, and the distribution of galaxy clusters. The CMB measurements provide evidence for the flatness of the universe, which is consistent with the presence of dark energy. The large-scale structure of the universe and the distribution of galaxy clusters also provide evidence for the existence of dark energy.

In summary, the main evidence for dark energy is the observation of distant Type Ia supernovae and other cosmological observations such as the cosmic microwave background radiation, the large-scale structure of the universe, and the distribution of galaxy clusters.

• experts

Alexei Starobinsky
Michael Turner
Alan Guth
Alex Filippenko