Energy Efficient Computing
https://semiengineering.com/11-ways-to-reduce-ai-energy-consumption/
Horowitz[1]
energy problem[2]
2019 IBM Launches Research Collaboration Center to Drive Next-Generation AI Hardware
classical physics of computing
1 attoJ = 6.24 eV
$ 1 k_B T_{298K} = 0.026 eV$ or $1 eV \approx 40 k_B T $
CMOS operation - energy by comp-cycle $ 1 ns * 400 eV = 1.5 * 10^{-28} J * s$
Planck constant $6 * 10^{-34} J * s $ is much smaller than CMOS operation energy-delay product
units and conversions https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/prefixes.html
$ femto = 10^{-15} $
$atto = 10^{-18} $