Energy Efficient Computing

https://semiengineering.com/11-ways-to-reduce-ai-energy-consumption/

Horowitz^[1]

energy problem^[2]

2019 IBM Launches Research Collaboration Center to Drive Next-Generation AI Hardware

classical physics of computing

1 attoJ = 6.24 eV

$1 k_B T_{298K} = 0.026 eV$ or $1 eV \approx 40 k_B T$

CMOS operation - energy by comp-cycle $1 ns * 400 eV = 1.5 * 10^{-28} J * s$

Planck constant $6 * 10^{-34} J * s$ is much smaller than CMOS operation energy-delay product

units and conversions https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/prefixes.html

$femto = 10^{-15}$

$atto = 10^{-18}$

References

1. Video
2. Lecture